Pergeseran Paradigma Kepemimpinan: Dari Model Trait Statis Menuju Kepemimpinan Adaptif, Kolaboratif, dan Berbasis Nilai
Abstract:
Penelitian ini menganalisis evolusi model kepemimpinan dari pendekatan berbasis sifat menuju paradigma kepemimpinan modern yang lebih adaptif dan kolaboratif. Latar belakang penelitian berangkat dari kebutuhan memahami perubahan model kepemimpinan yang dipengaruhi dinamika organisasi, perkembangan sosial, dan meningkatnya kompleksitas lingkungan kerja. Tujuan penelitian adalah memetakan perkembangan konsep kepemimpinan serta mengidentifikasi faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas pemimpin pada berbagai periode. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis pustaka dengan menelaah Model Sifat, Model Perilaku, teori Situasional dan Kontingensi, kepemimpinan transformasional dan transaksional, hingga model kontemporer seperti kepemimpinan otentik dan servant leadership. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pergeseran dari model statis menuju pendekatan dinamis yang menekankan fleksibilitas perilaku, kemampuan adaptasi, kecerdasan emosional, dan penguatan hubungan antarindividu. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kepemimpinan modern tidak lagi bertumpu pada sifat bawaan semata, tetapi pada kemampuan memahami konteks, mengelola perubahan, dan memberdayakan anggota organisasi.
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Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage Publications.
Stogdill, R. M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature. Journal of Psychology, 25, 35–71.
- Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338.
- Banks, G. C., Hoobler, J. N., & Wang. (2021). Meta-analytic review of leadership and performance relationships. Journal of Management, 47(4), 764–799.
- Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.
- Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row.
- Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. McGraw-Hill.
- Fleishman, Edward. A., Mumford, M. D., Zaccaro, S. J., Levin, K. Y., Kototkin, A. L., & Hein, M. B. (1991). Taxonomic efforts in the description of leader behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 2(4), 245–287.
- Goleman, D. (2020). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant Leadership: A Journey Into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness. Paulint Press.
- Heifetz, R., Grashow, A., & Linski, M. (2009). The practice of adaptive leadership: Tools and tactics for changing your organization and the world. Harvard Business Press.
- Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. (1982). Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources. Prentice Hall.
- Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage Publications.
- Stogdill, R. M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature. Journal of Psychology, 25, 35–71.
