Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah sebagai Pembinaan Profesional dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Academic Supervision by Headteachers as Professional Development and Its Impact on Primary School Teachers’ Performance

Published: Jun 30, 2026

Abstract:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan supervisi akademik kepala sekolah, tingkat kinerja guru, dan pengaruh supervisi akademik terhadap kinerja guru pada salah satu sekolah dasar negeri di Metro Timur, Kota Metro. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain ex post facto kausal. Sampel sebanyak 20 guru ditentukan dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket skala Likert empat pilihan, diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji normalitas, uji linearitas, dan regresi linear sederhana dengan bantuan SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa supervisi akademik berada pada kategori sangat tinggi (86%) dan kinerja guru juga sangat tinggi (90,15%). Hasil regresi menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara supervisi akademik dan kinerja guru (R = 0.500; R2 = 0.250; F = 5,989; p = 0,025). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa supervisi akademik yang terencana, dialogis, dan berkelanjutan berkontribusi pada peningkatan kinerja guru, meskipun masih terdapat faktor lain yang turut menentukan.

Keywords:
1. supervisi akademik
2. kinerja guru
Authors:
1 . Faridhatul Khasanah
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:24:"Universitas Muhammadiyah";}
2 . Muhammad Ihsan Dacholfany
3 . Marzuki Noor
How to Cite
Khasanah, F., Dacholfany, M. I., & Noor, M. (2026). Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah sebagai Pembinaan Profesional dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar: Academic Supervision by Headteachers as Professional Development and Its Impact on Primary School Teachers’ Performance. Jurnal Inovatif Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(1), 37–46. Retrieved from https://jurnal.pbs.fkip.unila.ac.id/index.php/JIIP/article/view/1932
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Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Inovatif Ilmu Pendidikan
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References

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    Awam, R. ., Rifma, Hadiyanto, & Sabandi, A. . (2023). The Contribution of Principal’s Academic Supervision and Pedagogical Competence to Teacher Performance. Indonesian Research Journal in Education |IRJE|, 7(2), 529–544. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v7i2.31476

    Azhar, R. S., Nurman, J. W., & Azhar, R. P. (2021). Efforts to optimize learning quality by adapting academic supervision strategies in the midst of a pandemic. Jurnal ISEMA: Islamic Educational Management, 6(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.15575/isema.v6i2.11257

    Badriyah, B. (2022). Principal's academic supervision in improving teacher performance. MUNAQASY AH: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 153–174. https://doi.org/10.58472/mnq.v4i2.156

    Bumay, A. F., Hariri, H., & Rini, R. (2023). Teacher performance: Factors influencing teacher performance. International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 4(3), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v4i3.8213

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    Halimahturrafiah, N., Dewi, F., Kalsum, U., Marsidin, S., & Rifma, R. (2022). Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di SDN 13 Surau Gadang.Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(2), 12847–12853. https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i2.4447

    Hallinger, P., Liu, S., Niu, X. (2025). Cultural context, principal instructional leadership, and teacher efficacy: A meta-analytic review, 1989–2024. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432251349810

    Hartati, S. (2024). The Effect of Academic Supervision on Teacher’s Performance.PPSDP International Journal of Education,3(2), 434– 447. https://doi.org/10.59175/pijed.v3i2.361

    He, P., Guo, F., & Abazie, G. A. (2024). School principals’ instructional leadership as a predictor of teacher’s professional development. Asian- Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9, Article 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-024-00290-0

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    Khamdiyah, R., Harris, T., Suyitno, S. (2026). Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kinerja Guru di SDN Dermo II Bangil. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 11(1), 215 223. https://doi.org/10.34125/jmp.v11i1.1491

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    Lestari, E. (2023). Strategi kepala sekolah dalam melaksanakan supervisi akademik berbasis kolaboratif di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 14(1), 45–56.

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    Prasetyono, H., Abdillah, A., & Fitria, D. (2018). Academic supervision toward teacher’ s performance through motivation as intervening variable. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(2), 319– 327. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i2.7324

    Pratiwi, D. H. (2024). Principal’s Academic Supervision for Improvement of Teacher’s Performance. PPSDP International Journal of Education, 3(2), 380–394. https://doi.org/10.59175/pijed.v3i2.328

    Putra, A. R. (2020). Efektivitas supervisi akademik kepala sekolah terhadap mutu proses pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 2 Metro. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 8(3), 121–130.

    Rahmawati, D. (2021). Implementasi supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan kinerja guru di SMP Negeri 4 Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, 7(2), 98–108.

    Sang, G., Liang, JC., Chai, C.S. et al. (2018). Teachers’ actual and preferred perceptions of twenty-first century learning competencies: a Chinese perspective. Asia Pacific Educ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-018-9522-0

    Santosa, A. H., et al. (2024). The implementation of academic supervision by school principals in developing teacher professional competence. Goscience Education, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.29303/goescienceed.v5i4.363

    Setiyadi, B., Pratama, M.A.N, Zamaludin, R., Komariah, A., & Ghani, M. F. A. (2025). Factual Study of Academic Supervision at Primary and Secondary Educational Levels in Indonesia. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 10(1), 453–476. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v10i1.6310

    Soelistya, D., & Asrat, E. (2024). The Influence of Academic Supervision and Infrastructure on Teacher Performance: Exploring the Mediating Role of Teacher Competence. International Journal of Management Science, 2(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.59535/ijms.v2i1.213

    Sulistiana, T., Wiyono, B. B., & Imron, A. (2025). The Role of Principal Learning Supervision on Teacher Performance.Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(2), 1239–1250. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i2.1253

    Sunaryo, Y. S. (2020). Academic supervision of school principals and teacher performance: A literature review. International Journal Pedagogy of Social Studies, 5(2), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijposs.v5i2.29094

    Susanti, T., & Abidin, Y. (2024). Factors affecting elementary school teacher performance: A SEM-PLS review. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 7(4), 658–667. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v7i4.60626

    Triapika, H., Lian, B., & Putra, J. (2026). Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Dan Manajemen Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Indonesia, 6(2), 389-399. https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.1501

    Varas, D., Santana, M., Nussbaum, M., Claro, S., Imbarack,P. (2023). Teachers’ strategies and challenges in teaching 21st century skills: Little common understanding. Thinking Skills and Creativity. Vol. 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101289.

    Wiyono, B. B., et al. (2022). Implementation of group and individual supervision on teachers' performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 943838. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943838

  1. Arjunaini., Dahliawati, Ridho, M., Marsidin, S., Rifma. (2023). Supervisi akademik sebagai ukuran peningkatan kinerja guru. (2023). Jurnal Niara, 16(2), 232-242. https://doi.org/10.31849/niara.v16i2.14109 Astuti, R., & Dacholfany, M. I. (2016). Pengaruh supervisi pengawas sekolah dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru SMP di Kota Metro Lampung. Jurnal Lentera Pendidikan Pusat Penelitian LPPM UM Metro, 1(2), 204–217.
  2. Awam, R. ., Rifma, Hadiyanto, & Sabandi, A. . (2023). The Contribution of Principal’s Academic Supervision and Pedagogical Competence to Teacher Performance. Indonesian Research Journal in Education |IRJE|, 7(2), 529–544. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v7i2.31476
  3. Azhar, R. S., Nurman, J. W., & Azhar, R. P. (2021). Efforts to optimize learning quality by adapting academic supervision strategies in the midst of a pandemic. Jurnal ISEMA: Islamic Educational Management, 6(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.15575/isema.v6i2.11257
  4. Badriyah, B. (2022). Principal's academic supervision in improving teacher performance. MUNAQASY AH: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 153–174. https://doi.org/10.58472/mnq.v4i2.156
  5. Bumay, A. F., Hariri, H., & Rini, R. (2023). Teacher performance: Factors influencing teacher performance. International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 4(3), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v4i3.8213
  6. Dwikurnaningsih, Y., Paais, R.L. (2022). Principal Academic Supervision: Performance, Problems and Solutions. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (JPI). 11(3).
  7. Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., & Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2018). SuperVision and instructional leadership: A developmental approach (10th ed.). Pearson.
  8. Halimahturrafiah, N., Dewi, F., Kalsum, U., Marsidin, S., & Rifma, R. (2022). Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di SDN 13 Surau Gadang.Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(2), 12847–12853. https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i2.4447
  9. Hallinger, P., Liu, S., Niu, X. (2025). Cultural context, principal instructional leadership, and teacher efficacy: A meta-analytic review, 1989–2024. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432251349810
  10. Hartati, S. (2024). The Effect of Academic Supervision on Teacher’s Performance.PPSDP International Journal of Education,3(2), 434– 447. https://doi.org/10.59175/pijed.v3i2.361
  11. He, P., Guo, F., & Abazie, G. A. (2024). School principals’ instructional leadership as a predictor of teacher’s professional development. Asian- Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9, Article 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-024-00290-0
  12. Hidayat, M. (2019). Pengaruh supervisi akademik kepala sekolah terhadap kompetensi pedagogik guru. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 10(2), 88–95.
  13. Khamdiyah, R., Harris, T., Suyitno, S. (2026). Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kinerja Guru di SDN Dermo II Bangil. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 11(1), 215 223. https://doi.org/10.34125/jmp.v11i1.1491
  14. Lelatobur, L. E. ., & Waruwu, M. . (2024). Peran Manajemen Supervisi Akademik dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru. Indonesian Journal of Instruction, 5(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.23887/iji.v5i1.74953
  15. Lestari, E. (2023). Strategi kepala sekolah dalam melaksanakan supervisi akademik berbasis kolaboratif di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 14(1), 45–56.
  16. Manoppo, B. C., Wahyuni, H., & Rossanty, N. L. P. E. (2024). Factors influencing teacher performance at SDN 10 Pantaloon Palu. Journal of Humanities, Community Service, and Empowerment, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.58857/JHCSE.2024.v01.i02.p04
  17. Pangestu, F. A. ., & Wijayanti, W. . (2025). Examining teacher performance from the perspective of principal academic supervision, work environment, and compensation.Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED), 6(2), 575–590. https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v6i2.4735
  18. Prasetyono, H., Abdillah, A., & Fitria, D. (2018). Academic supervision toward teacher’ s performance through motivation as intervening variable. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(2), 319– 327. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i2.7324
  19. Pratiwi, D. H. (2024). Principal’s Academic Supervision for Improvement of Teacher’s Performance. PPSDP International Journal of Education, 3(2), 380–394. https://doi.org/10.59175/pijed.v3i2.328
  20. Putra, A. R. (2020). Efektivitas supervisi akademik kepala sekolah terhadap mutu proses pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 2 Metro. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 8(3), 121–130.
  21. Rahmawati, D. (2021). Implementasi supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan kinerja guru di SMP Negeri 4 Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, 7(2), 98–108.
  22. Sang, G., Liang, JC., Chai, C.S. et al. (2018). Teachers’ actual and preferred perceptions of twenty-first century learning competencies: a Chinese perspective. Asia Pacific Educ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-018-9522-0
  23. Santosa, A. H., et al. (2024). The implementation of academic supervision by school principals in developing teacher professional competence. Goscience Education, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.29303/goescienceed.v5i4.363
  24. Setiyadi, B., Pratama, M.A.N, Zamaludin, R., Komariah, A., & Ghani, M. F. A. (2025). Factual Study of Academic Supervision at Primary and Secondary Educational Levels in Indonesia. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 10(1), 453–476. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v10i1.6310
  25. Soelistya, D., & Asrat, E. (2024). The Influence of Academic Supervision and Infrastructure on Teacher Performance: Exploring the Mediating Role of Teacher Competence. International Journal of Management Science, 2(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.59535/ijms.v2i1.213
  26. Sulistiana, T., Wiyono, B. B., & Imron, A. (2025). The Role of Principal Learning Supervision on Teacher Performance.Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(2), 1239–1250. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v6i2.1253
  27. Sunaryo, Y. S. (2020). Academic supervision of school principals and teacher performance: A literature review. International Journal Pedagogy of Social Studies, 5(2), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijposs.v5i2.29094
  28. Susanti, T., & Abidin, Y. (2024). Factors affecting elementary school teacher performance: A SEM-PLS review. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 7(4), 658–667. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v7i4.60626
  29. Triapika, H., Lian, B., & Putra, J. (2026). Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Dan Manajemen Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Indonesia, 6(2), 389-399. https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.1501
  30. Varas, D., Santana, M., Nussbaum, M., Claro, S., Imbarack,P. (2023). Teachers’ strategies and challenges in teaching 21st century skills: Little common understanding. Thinking Skills and Creativity. Vol. 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101289.
  31. Wiyono, B. B., et al. (2022). Implementation of group and individual supervision on teachers' performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 943838. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943838