ANALYSIS OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE BASED ON SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS IN THE EXPLANATORY TEXT "TORNADO" AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' LANGUAGE LITERACY

https://doi.org/10.23960/kata.v14i1.2151
Published: Apr 26, 2026

Abstract:

This study aims to analyze sentence structure based on syntactic function in the explanatory text “Angin Puting Beliung” and to examine its relevance to the development of students’ language literacy. This study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive research design through a literature review. The research data consist of all sentences found in the explanatory text “Angin Puting Beliung”. Data collection was conducted using the read-and-record technique, while data analysis was carried out in three stages: data reduction, presentation of data in tabular form, and drawing conclusions. The results show that 17 sentences were analyzed, forming five syntactic function patterns: S–P, S–P–O, S–P–Pel, S–P–K, and S–P–O–K. The S–P–K pattern was the most frequently found, appearing in 7 sentences, followed by the S–P–O pattern, which appeared in 5 sentences. Meanwhile, the S–P–Pel pattern was found in 3 sentences, while the S–P and S–P–O–K patterns each appeared in 1 sentence. The results of this study indicate that syntactic function analysis can help students understand sentence structure more systematically and can be utilized as an alternative learning resource in Indonesian language instruction to support the development of language literacy.

Keywords:
1. syntactic function
2. sentence structure
3. explanatory text
4. language literacy
Authors:
1 . Ririn Sihite
HKBP Nommensen University Medan
2 . Herti Paulina Tambunan
HKBP Nommensen University Medan
3 . Sarma Panggabean
HKBP Nommensen University Medan
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Sihite, R., Tambunan, H. P., & Panggabean, S. (2026). ANALYSIS OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE BASED ON SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS IN THE EXPLANATORY TEXT "TORNADO" AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE LITERACY. Jurnal Kata: Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pembelajarannya, 14(1), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.23960/kata.v14i1.2151
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Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Kata : Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pembelajarannya
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References

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    Deacon, S. H., & Kieffer, M. J. (2018). Understanding the structural pathways: How sentence-level syntax governs text comprehension. Reading and Writing, 31(2), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-017-9785-x (Rujukan Internasional Baru)

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  1. Ayu, D. R., Dudu, D., & Rahman, A. (2026). The effectiveness of sentences in student scientific articles: Syntactic analysis and its implications. Jurnal Analisis Sintaksis, 16(1), 142–150.
  2. Budiman, Q., Mouton, S., Veenhoff, L., & Boersma, A. (2021). Sentence structure processing and its implications in linguistic development. Journal of Research Innovation, 1(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.25.432866
  3. Burchell, D., Hipfner-Boucher, K., Deacon, S. H., Koh, P. W., & Chen, X. (2023). Syntactic awareness and reading comprehension in emergent bilingual children. Languages, 8(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8010062 (Rujukan Internasional Baru)
  4. Cain, K. (2007). Syntactic awareness and reading ability: Is there any evidence for a special relationship? Applied Psycholinguistics, 28(4), 679–694. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716407070361 (Rujukan Internasional Baru)
  5. Deacon, S. H., & Kieffer, M. J. (2018). Understanding the structural pathways: How sentence-level syntax governs text comprehension. Reading and Writing, 31(2), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-017-9785-x (Rujukan Internasional Baru)
  6. Irmainsyah, V., Sauqi, M. Z., Nazwa, F. I., & Sidqi, A. (2024). Analysis of the function and role of syntax in a single sentence in a news article Isknews.com. Sinesis, 2(2), 42–49. https://ejournal.sinesis.umk.ac.id
  7. Manik, E., Tambunan, H. P., & Panggabean, S. (2023). Analysis of syntactic functions, categories, and roles in exposition texts. Journal of Analysts, 2(2), 182–189.
  8. Mayani, M., Rahmaasharihamzah, R., & Sina, M. I. (2025). The linguistic structure of the Indonesian language as a reference for language use (Semantics). Learning Dynamics: Journal of Education and Language, 2(3), 373–388. https://doi.org/10.62383/dilan.v2i3.2032
  9. Mitchell, D. C. (1994). Sentence parsing and structural chunking in text reading. Handbook of Psycholinguistics, 375–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-265405-3.50014-X (Rujukan Internasional Baru)
  10. Morvay, G. (2012). The relationship between syntactic knowledge and reading comprehension in EFL learners. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(3), 415–435. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2012.2.3.8 (Rujukan Internasional Baru)
  11. Mulyaningsih, U., Linawati, A., & Utomo, A. P. Y. (2022). Sentence analysis based on structural grammar in stories. Journal of Language Sciences Research, 1(1), 138–152.
  12. Mustafa, M. R. A. T., Febriansyah, M. Z., Fikriza, G., Bahari, A., Ansharullah, M. F., Hidayatullah, R., Rafli, R., & Setiawaty, S. (2025). Strengthening children's language literacy through the educational approach of Krida TAMITA Card. Journal of Social Service, 3(2), 324–329. https://doi.org/10.59837/2xvav035
  13. Navida, I., Rasiman, Prasetyowati, D., & Nuriafuri, R. (2023). Reading literacy ability of students in grade 3 Indonesian language content in elementary school. Journal of Educatio FKIP UNMA, 9(2), 1034–1039. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i2.4901
  14. Purwo, A., & Utomo, Y. (2025). Analysis of the structure and language of explanatory texts on Sindonews online media with the theme of natural phenomena. Jurnal Analisis Teks, 5(2), 433–455.
  15. Rahmaasharihamzah, R., & Sina, M. I. (2025). The linguistic structure of the Indonesian language as a reference for language use (Semantics). Learning Dynamics: Journal of Education and Language, 2(3), 373–388. https://doi.org/10.62383/dilan.v2i3.2032
  16. Ramadhani, N., Hamzah, R. A., & Arief, R. (2025). The linguistic structure of the Indonesian language as a reference for the use of language (syntax). Kande: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 6(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.29103/jk.v6i1.21412
  17. Scott, C. M. (2004). Syntactic contributions to literacy development. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 35(4), 360–372. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2004/034 (Rujukan Internasional Baru)
  18. Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
  19. Tong, X., Yu, L., Li, H., Liu, D., & Deacon, S. H. (2021). The influence of text complexity on the relationship between syntactic awareness and reading comprehension. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 50(5), 1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-021-09790-5 (Rujukan Internasional Baru)
  20. Yusuf, H. (2024). Studi bahasa sintaksis dan semantik (edisi ke-1). Media Arus Utama.