ZUID-SUMATRA STAATSSPOORWEGEN DAN OOSTHAVEN (1914–1942): JALUR KERETA API DAN PELABUHAN DALAM SISTEM EKONOMI KOLONIAL DI LAMPUNG
Abstract:
This study examines the construction of the Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen (ZSS) and Oosthaven Port in Lampung (1914–1942) as part of the colonial economic system in the Dutch East Indies. Employing a qualitative-historical approach—heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography—the research analyzes the role of colonial infrastructure in integrating plantation hinterlands into global trade networks. Findings reveal that the ZSS–Oosthaven corridor had a dual function: as a modern transport facility and as an instrument of colonial power that reinforced control over local society. The railway–port system accelerated the export flow of commodities such as pepper and coffee, while simultaneously deepening socio-economic inequalities between European exporters and indigenous farmers. Beyond contributing to Indonesian colonial historiography, this study also produces an educational output in the form of a poster as a learning medium. The poster presents the colonial history of Lampung in a concise, visual, and communicative format, making it suitable for both formal education and public spaces. Thus, this research not only enriches historical scholarship but also innovates in knowledge dissemination through visual-based educational media.
Penelitian ini menganalisis pembangunan Zuid-Sumatra Staatsspoorwegen (ZSS) dan Pelabuhan Oosthaven di Lampung pada periode 1914–1942 sebagai bagian dari sistem ekonomi kolonial Hindia Belanda. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif-historis melalui heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan penulisan historiografi, penelitian menelaah peran infrastruktur kolonial dalam mengintegrasikan hinterland perkebunan dengan jaringan perdagangan internasional. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ZSS–Oosthaven berfungsi ganda: sebagai sarana transportasi modern sekaligus instrumen kekuasaan yang memperkuat kontrol kolonial atas masyarakat lokal. Infrastruktur ini mempercepat arus ekspor komoditas seperti lada dan kopi, tetapi juga memperdalam ketidaksetaraan sosial-ekonomi antara eksportir Eropa dan petani pribumi. Selain kontribusi pada historiografi kolonial Indonesia, penelitian ini menghasilkan luaran berupa poster edukatif sebagai media pembelajaran sejarah. Poster dirancang untuk menyajikan narasi kolonial Lampung secara ringkas, visual, dan komunikatif, sehingga dapat digunakan dalam pendidikan formal maupun ruang publik. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini tidak hanya memperkaya kajian sejarah, tetapi juga menghadirkan inovasi dalam penyampaian pengetahuan melalui media pembelajaran berbasis visual.
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- Ariwibowo, G. A. (2018). Aktivitas ekonomi dan perdagangan di Karesidenan Lampung 1856–1930. Patanjala, 10(2), 331–346.
- Ariwibowo, G. A., Budiman, H. G., & Listiana, D. (2023). Pembangunan jaringan transportasi di Lampung (1859–1927). Purbawidya, 12(1), 49–69.
- Arsyad, A. (2020). Media pembelajaran. Rajawali Pers.
- Booth, A. (2007). The Indonesian economy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Routledge.
- Braden, R. A., & Hortin, J. A. (1982). Identifying the theoretical foundations of visual literacy. Journal of Visual/Verbal Languaging, 2(2), 37–42.
- Colombijn, F. (2010). Cars, conduits, and kampongs: The modernization of the Indonesian city, 1920–1960. Brill.
- De Indische Courant. (1926). Verslag H.W. Wouters mengenai Oosthaven. De Indische Courant, 4.
- Dick, H. (2002). State, nation-state and national economy. In C. H. Lee & others (Eds.), The emergence of a national economy (pp. 9–34). Allen \& Unwin.
- Dick, H., & Rimmer, P. J. (2003). Cities, transport and communications: The integration of Southeast Asia since 1850. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Furnivall, J. S. (1939). Netherlands India: A study of plural economy. Cambridge University Press.
- Gottschalk, L. (1985). Understanding history: A primer of historical method. Knopf.
- Hein, G. E. (2000). Learning in the museum. Routledge.
- Houben, V. J. H. (2014). Sumatra in the structure of the colonial economy. In P. Boomgaard & others (Eds.), Empire and local worlds in Indonesia (pp. xx--xx). KITLV Press.
- Howell, M., & Prevenier, W. (2001). From reliable sources: An introduction to historical methods. Cornell University Press.
- Koloniaal Verslag. (n.d.). Koloniaal verslag van Nederlandsch-Indië.
- Kuntowijoyo. (1997). Metodologi sejarah. Tiara Wacana.
- Lindblad, J. T. (1998). New directions in Indonesian economic history. KITLV Press.
- Lindblad, J. T. (2011). Bridging the past: Economic history of Indonesia. KITLV Press.
- Oktaviani, A., Mahdi, S. S., & Rachmedita, V. (2024). Perkembangan transportasi kereta api sebagai penunjang industri perkebunan di Karesidenan Lampung 1830–1933. Historia Madania, 8(1), 101–112.
- Sanjaya, W. (2019). Media komunikasi pembelajaran. Prenadamedia Group.
- Touwen, J. (2001). Extremes in the archipelago: Trade and economic development in the outer islands of Indonesia, 1900–1942. KITLV Press.
- van der Eng, P. (1996). Agricultural growth in Indonesia: Productivity change and policy impact since 1880. Macmillan.
- Wineburg, S. (2001). Historical thinking and other unnatural acts: Charting the future of teaching the past. Temple University Press.
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