LIVING WITHIN A PANOPTICON: THE TRUMAN SHOW’S SURVEILLANCE, POWER, AND EXPLOITATION

Published: Apr 23, 2026

Abstract:

This study explores The Truman Show (1998) through the lens of Michel Foucault’s theory of panopticism to understand how surveillance functions as a form of control and exploitation in contemporary media. By employing a qualitative descriptive method with textual analysis, the research investigates how Truman’s life, embedded within a reality television setting, exemplifies the normalization of surveillance. The film reflects real-world parallels such as social media’s invisible influence and celebrity exploitation, notably Britney Spears’ conservatorship. Through selected scenes, the study identifies mechanisms of control ranging from spatial boundaries and routine normalization to emotional manipulation and audience complicity. Findings reveal how surveillance extends beyond external observation and becomes internalized, shaping identity and behavior. Ultimately, The Truman Show portrays a critical view of entertainment media’s capacity to commodify human life and violate individual autonomy under the guise of entertainment. This paper contributes to the discourse on media ethics, human rights, and the ethical implications of surveillance in digital culture.

Penelitian ini menganalisis The Truman Show (1998) dengan menggunakan teori panoptisisme Michel Foucault untuk memahami bagaimana pengawasan berfungsi sebagai bentuk kontrol dan eksploitasi dalam media kontemporer. Melalui metode deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis tekstual, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana kehidupan Truman yang berada dalam program realitas televisi menggambarkan normalisasi pengawasan. Film ini mencerminkan realitas dunia nyata seperti pengaruh tersembunyi media sosial dan eksploitasi selebriti, seperti yang dialami oleh Britney Spears dalam masa konservatoriumnya. Dari sejumlah adegan, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi mekanisme kontrol, mulai dari batasan spasial, normalisasi rutinitas, manipulasi emosional, hingga keterlibatan penonton. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan tidak hanya terjadi secara eksternal, tetapi juga menjadi bagian dari identitas dan perilaku individu. The Truman Show pada akhirnya mengkritisi bagaimana media hiburan dapat mengkomodifikasi kehidupan manusia dan melanggar otonomi individu atas nama hiburan. Studi ini berkontribusi pada diskursus etika media, hak asasi manusia, dan implikasi etis pengawasan dalam budaya digital.

Keywords:
1. entertainment
2. Exploitation
3. Human Right
4. Surveillance
5. The Truman Show
Authors:
1 . Iffatuddiyanah Iffatuddiyanah
2 . Reza Anis Maulidya
How to Cite
Iffatuddiyanah, I., & Maulidya, R. A. (2026). LIVING WITHIN A PANOPTICON: THE TRUMAN SHOW’S SURVEILLANCE, POWER, AND EXPLOITATION. Jurnal Kata: Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pembelajarannya, 14(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.23960/kata.v14i1.926

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References

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  1. Carr, S. (Producer), & Stark, S. (Director). (2021). Framing Britney Spears [Documentary]. FX / The New York Times Presents. https://www.nytimes.com/projects/frami ng-britney-spears/.
  2. Couldry, N., & Hepp, A. (2017). The mediated construction of reality. Polity Press.
  3. Cusick, R. (2021, July 12). Britney Spears’ Conservatorship: A legal and Cultural Analysis. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/articles/bri tney-analysis.
  4. Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Pantheon Books. (Original work published 1975)
  5. Gill, R. (2007). Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a sensibility. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549407075 898.
  6. Hooks, B. (2000). All About Love: New Visions. William Morrow & Company.
  7. Mathiesen, T. (1997). The Viewer Society: Michel Foucault’s ‘Panopticon’ revisited. Theoretical Criminology, 1(2), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480697001 002003.
  8. Tiang, S. (2019). The Truman Show: Surveillance and the illusion of freedom. Journal of Media and Cultural Analysis, 15(2), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/jmca.v15i2.1234.
  9. Weir, P. (Director). (1998). The Truman Show [Film]. Paramount Pictures.
  10. Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. PublicAffairs.
  11. Žižek, S. (2005). Welcome to the desert of the real. Verso Books.