KAJIAN RITUAL DAN SIMBOLIK MAKAM JISARA SEBAGAI RUANG SAKRAL DALAM BUDAYA MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN KANGEAN

https://doi.org/10.23960/simbol.v14i1.1596
Published: Apr 26, 2026

Abstract:

This study aims to examine the forms of pilgrimage rituals at Jisarah Tomb, to elucidate the symbols and meanings embedded in these practices, and to explain the role of pilgrimage rituals as markers of local cultural identity among the Kangean Islands community. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving pilgrims, community leaders, and residents living around the tomb complex. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns of meaning emerging from ritual practices and the community’s social experiences. The findings indicate that pilgrimage rituals at Jisarah Tomb are organized into a structured sequence of symbolic actions, including the burning of incense, the offering of ritual foods, the burial of palm-rib sticks, the recitation of prayers, and the articulation of vows. These practices are interpreted as modes of spiritual as well as social communication. The ritual symbols embody meanings of transition, reverence, reciprocity, and moral commitment that collectively sustain and reproduce the sacredness of the tomb space. These findings affirm that Jisarah Tomb functions not only as a spiritual locus but also as a socio-cultural space that supports the continuity of collective identity and cultural memory within the Kangean Islands community.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk-bentuk ritual ziarah di Makam Jisarah, mengungkap simbol dan makna yang menyertainya, serta menjelaskan peran ritual ziarah sebagai penanda identitas budaya lokal masyarakat Kepulauan Kangean. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi terhadap peziarah, tokoh masyarakat, serta warga sekitar makam. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola makna yang muncul dari ritual ritual dan pengalaman sosial masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ritual ziarah di Makam Jisarah tersusun dalam rangkaian ritual simbolik yang terstruktur, meliputi pembakaran kemenyan, penyajian sesajen, penguburan lidi, pembacaan doa, dan pengucapan nazar, yang dimaknai sebagai sarana komunikasi spiritual sekaligus sosial. Simbol-simbol ritual tersebut merepresentasikan makna transisi, penghormatan, resiprositas, dan ikatan moral yang secara kolektif mereproduksi kesakralan ruang makam. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa Makam Jisarah tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai ruang spiritual, tetapi juga sebagai ruang sosial budaya yang menopang keberlanjutan identitas kolektif dan memori budaya masyarakat Kepulauan Kangean.

Keywords:
1. tomb pilgrimage
2. sacred space
3. ritual culture
4. symbols and meanings
5. local cultural identity
Authors:
1 . Badrul Qamar
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
2 . Daroe Iswatiningsih
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
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How to Cite
Qamar, B., & Iswatiningsih, D. (2026). KAJIAN RITUAL DAN SIMBOLIK MAKAM JISARA SEBAGAI RUANG SAKRAL DALAM BUDAYA MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN KANGEAN. J-Simbol: Jurnal Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 14(1), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.23960/simbol.v14i1.1596
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Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): J-Simbol: Jurnal Magister Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia
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  1. Arifin, S. (2020). Pola perubahan ziarah makam sebagai arena sosial dan religius masyarakat lokal. At-Taqaddum: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 12(1), 73–85.
  2. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications.
  3. Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2018). Doing interviews (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  4. Charmaz, K. (2021). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  5. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  6. DeWalt, K. M., & DeWalt, B. R. (2019). Participant observation: A guide for fieldworkers (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
  7. Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2021). Writing ethnographic fieldnotes (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
  8. Flick, U. (2022). An introduction to qualitative research (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  9. Flyvbjerg, B. (2020). Case study. In The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (pp. 301–316). SAGE Publications.
  10. Guest, G., Namey, E., & Mitchell, M. (2019). Collecting and analyzing qualitative data at scale. SAGE Publications.
  11. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  12. Mujibuddin, M. (2020). Tradisi ziarah dan konstruksi makna ruang sakral dalam masyarakat pesisir. Jurnal Kebudayaan Islam, 18(2), 215–230.
  13. Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2019). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1–13.
  14. Noy, C. (2021). Sampling knowledge: The hermeneutics of snowball sampling in qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 24(2).
  15. Prasetyo, A. (2023). Ritual lokal dan negosiasi budaya dalam ritual keagamaan masyarakat kontemporer. Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia, 44(1), 67–83.
  16. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2021). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  17. Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  18. Sumintarsih. (2019). Ziarah makam dan dinamika budaya lokal masyarakat Jawa. Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya.
  19. Tracy, S. J. (2020). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
  20. Wurianto, A. B. (2021). Ruang sakral, ritual, dan memori kolektif dalam kebudayaan lokal Indonesia. Humaniora, 33(2), 145–158.
  21. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  22. Yulianto, A. (2022). Negosiasi agama dan budaya dalam ritual masyarakat lokal. Jurnal Masyarakat Dan Budaya, 24(1), 23–38.